head

ÀèƬ¤«¤éºÇ½é¤Î¿ô¹Ô¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢10¹Ô¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë ¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Î㤨¤Ð¡¢

head ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾

¤È¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ì¤ÐºÇ½é¤Î10¹Ô¤À¤±¤òɽ¼¨¤·¡¢¹Ô¿ô¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢Î㤨¤Ð¡¢

head  -1 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾

¤Þ¤¿¤Ï

head  -n 1 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾

¤È¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢ºÇ½é¤Î1¹Ô¤À¤±É½¼¨¤·¤Þ¤¹¡£»î¤·¤Ë¡¢.cshrc¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î ÀèƬ¤Î8¹Ô¤À¤±É½¼¨¤µ¤»¤ë¤È¡¢

% head  -8 .cshrc
# @(#).cshrc
#################################################################
#
#         .cshrc file
#
#################################################################
#
#         set up search path

¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£


ls ¤Ç¤è¤¯»È¤¦Ê̤Υª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢

% ls -alt

¤ò¾Ò²ð¤·¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£¡Öls -al¡×¤¬¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾¤ò¥¢¥ë¥Õ¥¡¥Ù¥Ã¥È½ç¤Ëʤ٤ë¤Î¤ËÂФ· ¤Æ¡¢¡Öls -alt¡×¤Ï¹¹¿·»þ ¹ï¤Î¤â¤Ã¤È¤â¿·¤·¤¤½ç¤Ëʤ٤ޤ¹¡£¤Á¤Ê¤ß¤Ë¡¢¥ª¥×¥·¥ç¥ó¤ÎʤÙÊý¤Ë¤Ï°ã¤¤¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤» ¤ó¤Î¤Ç¡¢¡Öls -tla¡×¤Ç¤â¡Öls -atl¡×¤Ç¤âÊѤï¤ê¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤»¤ó¡£

¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¡Öls -alt¡×¤È¡Öhead¡×¤òÁȤ߹ç¤ï¤»¤Æ½èÍý¤·¤Æ¤ß¤Þ¤¹¡£ ¤Þ¤º¤Ï¡¢¡Öls -alt¡×¤À¤±¤ò¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢

% ls -alt
¹ç·[ 44
drwx-----x   11 susaki   teacher       512  4·î 16 16:51 .
drwx-----x    2 susaki   teacher      1024  4·î 16 16:48 command
drwx--s--x   45 susaki   teacher      2560  4·î 16 16:39 ..
drwx-----x    3 susaki   teacher      1024  4·î 16 16:35 literacy
drwx-----x    3 susaki   teacher       512  4·î 15 14:25 gis
drwx-----x    6 susaki   teacher      1024  3·î  1 13:40 lab
drwx-----x    2 susaki   teacher      2048  1·î 29 11:45 soft
drwx-----x    2 susaki   teacher       512  1·î  7 09:38 perl
drwx-----x   10 susaki   teacher      1024  7·î 31  2001 lecture
drwx-----x    2 susaki   teacher       512  6·î 29  2001 image
drwxr-x---    2 susaki   teacher       512  6·î 28  2001 applets

¤³¤Î·ë²Ì¤Î¤¦¤Á¡¢ºÇ½é¤Î3¹Ô¤À¤±¼è¤ê½Ð¤¹¤È¤Ê¤ë¤È¡¢ | ¡Ê¥Ñ¥¤¥×¡Ë¤ò ÍѤ¤¤Æ¡Öhead¡×¤òÁȤ߹ç¤ï¤»¤ë¤È¡¢

% ls -alt | head -3
¹ç·[ 44
drwx-----x    2 susaki   teacher      1024  4·î 16 16:52 command
drwx-----x   11 susaki   teacher       512  4·î 16 16:51 .

¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ëɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£

tail

¡Ötail¡×¤Ï¡É¤·¤Ã¤Ý¡É¤È¤¤¤¦°ÕÌ£¤Ç¡¢¡Öhead¡×¤È¤ÏµÕ¤Ë½ª¤ï¤ê¤«¤é¤Î¿ô¹Ô¤ò ɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¡¢10¹Ô¤òɽ¼¨¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£Î㤨¤Ð¡¢

tail ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾

¤È¼Â¹Ô¤¹¤ì¤Ð½ª¤ï¤ê¤Î10¹Ô¤À¤±¤òɽ¼¨¤·¡¢¹Ô¿ô¤ò»ØÄꤹ¤ë¾ì¹ç¡¢Î㤨¤Ð¡¢

tail  -1 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾

¤Þ¤¿¤Ï

tail  -n 1 ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë̾

¤È¤¹¤ì¤Ð½ª¤ï¤ê¤Î1¹Ô¤À¤±¤òɽ¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤Þ¤¹¡£

¾åµ­¤Î¡Öhead¡×¤Ç¼¨¤·¤¿Îã¤ò¡Ötail¡×¤Ë¤âŬÍѤ¹¤ë¤È

% ls -alt | tail -3
drwx-----x   10 susaki   teacher      1024  7·î 31  2001 lecture
drwx-----x    2 susaki   teacher       512  6·î 29  2001 image
drwxr-x---    2 susaki   teacher       512  6·î 28  2001 applets
¤È¤Ê¤ê¡¢ºîÀ®Æü¤Î¸Å¤¤½ç¤Ë¡¢¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ä¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤¬3¤Ä¤À¤±Áª¤Ð¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£

head¤Ètail¤ÎÊ»ÍÑ

¾åµ­¤Î¡Öhead¡×¤ÎÎã¤Ç¤Ï¡¢

% ls -alt | head -3
¹ç·[ 44
drwx-----x    2 susaki   teacher      1024  4·î 16 16:52 command
drwx-----x   11 susaki   teacher       512  4·î 16 16:51 .

¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢ÀèƬ¤Î3¹Ô¤È¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¤â¡¢¡Ö¹ç·×44¡×¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êʸ»úÎó¤â°ì¹Ô¤È¿ô¤¨¤é¤ì ¤Æɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤ï¤«¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤â¤·¡¢ËÜÅö¤ËºÇ¿·¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ª¤è¤Ó¥Ç¥£¥ì ¥¯¥È¥ê¤À¤±¤òɽ¼¨¤µ¤»¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤É¤¦¤¹¤ì¤Ð¤¤¤¤¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡©

¤³¤³¤Ç¡¢¡Öhead¡×¤È¡Ötail¡×¤òÊ»ÍѤ¹¤ëÊýË¡¤¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¡£¤Þ¤º¡¢²¼µ­¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¼Â ¹Ô¤µ¤»¤ë¤È¡¢

% ls -alt | head -2
¹ç·[ 44
drwx-----x    2 susaki   teacher      1024  4·î 16 16:52 command

ÁêÊѤï¤é¤º¡Ö¹ç·×44¡×¤È¤¤¤¦Ê¸»úÎó¤âɽ¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¤Þ¤¹¡£¤½¤³¤Ç¡¢¡Ötail¡× ¤ò | ¤ÇÏ¢·ë¤µ¤»¤ë¤È¡¢

% ls -alt | head -2 | tail -1
drwx-----x    2 susaki   teacher      1024  4·î 16 16:52 command

¤È¡¢Ë¾¤ß¤Î·ë²Ì¤¬É½¼¨¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤·¤¿¡£


[UNIX¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Î¥Ú¡¼¥¸] [¿Üºê½ã°ì¤Î¥È¥Ã¥×¥Ú¡¼¥¸]
¿Üºê½ã°ì¡¡µþÅÔÂç³ØÂç³Ø ¹©³Ø¸¦µæ²ÊÅԻԴĶ­¹©³ØÀ칶 ´Ä¶­¾ðÊó³Ø¹ÖºÂ